![]() DSM-5 Criteria for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder a A. The disturbance is not due to medication, substance use, or other illness.Table 1. Significant symptom-related distress or impairment of different areas of life, such as social or occupational. Persistence of symptoms in Criteria B, C, D, and E for more than one month. Feeling constantly “on guard” or like danger is lurking around every corner (hypervigilance).Trauma-related alterations in arousal and reactivity that began or worsened after the traumatic event, including two or more of the following:.Persistent inability to experience positive emotions, such as happiness, love, and joy.Ĭriterion E: Alterations in Arousal and Reactivity.Feeling alienated, detached, or estranged from others.Markedly diminished interest in activities that used to be enjoyable.Persistent negative emotions, including fear, horror, anger, guilt, or shame.Persistent distorted blame of self or others for causing the traumatic event or for the resulting consequences.Persistent, and often distorted negative beliefs and expectations about oneself or the world, such as “I am bad,” or “The world is completely dangerous.”.This is usually dissociative amnesia, not due to head injury, alcohol, or drugs. Inability to recall key features of the traumatic event.Negative alterations in cognition and mood that began or worsened after the traumatic event as evidenced by two or more of the following:2.Avoidance of trauma-related thoughts or feelings.Īvoidance of trauma-related external reminders, such as people, places, conversations, activities, objects, or situations.Ĭriterion D: Negative Alterations in Mood.Persistent effortful avoidance of distressing trauma-related reminders after the event as evidenced by one or both of the following:2.Marked physiological reactivity, such as increased heart rate, after exposure to traumatic reminders. Intense or prolonged distress after exposure to traumatic reminders.Children may re-enact the events in the play. These may occur on a continuum ranging from brief episodes to complete loss of consciousness. Dissociative reactions, such as flashbacks, in which it feels like the experience is happening again.Children may have frightening dreams without content related to the trauma. Traumatic nightmares or upsetting dreams with content related to the event. ![]() Children older than six may express this symptom through repetitive play in which aspects of the trauma are expressed. Recurrent, involuntary, and intrusive memories.The traumatic event is persistently re-experienced in one or more of the following ways:. ![]() This does not include indirect non-professional exposure through electronic media, television, movies, or pictures. This could occur in the course of professional duties (first responders, collecting body parts, or professionals repeatedly exposed to details of child abuse).
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